| No |
Recommendation |
Convention/Treaty Body |
| CRC-7 |
The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation (CRC/C/MDV/CO/3 of 2007, para. 10) and encourages the State party to consider withdrawing its reservations to articles 14(1) and 21 of the Convention. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-8 |
The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation (CRC/C/MDV/CO/3 of 2007, para. 12) and recommends that the State party take immediate measures to adopt the draft Child Rights Bill ensuring its full compliance with the Convention, including in areas related to shared parental responsibility, removal of children from their families, coordination of child protection, and rights of children of expatriates |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-11 |
11. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation (CRC/C/MDV/CO/3 of 2007, para. 17) and urges the State party to establish an appropriate body at a high inter-ministerial level with a clear mandate and sufficient authority to coordinate all activities related to the implementation of the Convention at cross-sectoral, national, and local levels. The State party should ensure that the coordinating body is provided with the necessary human, technical and financial resources for its effective operation. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CEDAW - 9 |
The State party should ensure the full implementation of the Convention and, to that end, recommends that it honour its commitment to withdrawing its reservation to article 16 (2) within a clear time frame and to reviewing its reservation to article 16 (1), with a view to fully withdrawing it, taking into consideration the practices of countries with similar religious backgrounds and legal systems that have successfully harmonized their national legislation with international human rights obligations and consultations with civil society, in particular women’s organizations. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CRC-17 |
In the light of General Comment No. 2 (2002) on the role of independent human rights institutions, the Committee urges the State party to immediately cease all actions of reprisals against the Human Rights Commission of the Maldives for its co-operation with United Nations bodies and ensure the independence of this monitoring mechanism, including with regards to its funding, mandate and immunities, so as to ensure full compliance with the Paris Principles. In respect to the latter, the Committee recommends that the State party seek technical cooperation from, among others, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), UNICEF and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CEDAW - 11 |
The State party should:
(a) take steps to ensure the incorporation of the Convention into the State party’s national legal system in order to make its provisions directly applicable and enforceable by the courts;
(b) expeditiously adopt the gender equality bill and ensure that it includes a definition of discrimination, in conformity with article 1 of the Convention, encompassing both direct and indirect discrimination in the public and private spheres, as well as the principle of gender equality, in line with article 2 of the Convention;
(c) conduct a systematic gender review of its legislation as part of the ongoing legal reform with a view to bringing it into full compliance with the Convention and ensuring that all discriminatory provisions, including family and criminal law provisions, are repealed or amended;
(d) enact the regulations required for the full implementation of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (2012) and the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act (2013). |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CRC-19(b) |
The Committee recommends that the State party:19(b) Strengthen its efforts to provide professionals with targeted and regular training on the provisions and principles of the Convention and to systematically disseminate information about the Convention among children, their parents and other caregivers and all relevant professional groups working with and for children; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-25 |
The Committee urges the State party to repeal article 28 of the Law on the Protection of the Rights of the Child and ensure that its legislation offers full and equal protection to all persons under the age of 18 without any exceptions. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-37 |
The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation (CRC/C/MDV/CO/3, para. 51) and recommends that, as indicated during the dialogue, the State party amend the Association Act to allow children to form associations, and encourage children to form associations, and create opportunities for their involvement in the formulation of policies and decisions that affect them. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-27(1) |
The Committee urges the State party to make greater efforts to ensure that all children within its jurisdiction enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Convention without discrimination. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-27(2) |
The Committee urges the State party to amend its legislation in order to eliminate any discrimination against girls, children born out of wedlock or out-of-court marriages, and LGBTI children. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-27(3) |
The Committee also urges the State party to investigate and punish all cases of political figures and religious leaders making remarks that are demeaning to girls and that promote gender-based discrimination and violence. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-57(b) |
Decriminalize abortions in all circumstances and review its legislation with a view to ensuring children’s access to safe abortion and post-abortion care services, including by removing the provision for spousal consent; and ensure that the views of the pregnant girl are always heard and respected in abortion decisions; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-29(1) |
In the light of General Comment No 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration, the Committee recommends that the State party explicitly define and enshrine in its legislation the principle of best interest of the child, in compliance with Article 3 of the Convention. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-67 |
The Committee recommends that the State party adopt legislative safeguards for the protection of children working in family businesses, adopt a comprehensive list of exploitative and hazardous work prohibited for children, and provide labour inspectors with mandatory training on recognizing and addressing child labour and strengthen its labour inspections. The Committee also recommends that the State party seek technical assistance from the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour of the International Labour Office in this regard. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-45(a) |
The Committee recommends that the State party:(a) Raise the minimum age for sexual consent to an internationally acceptable standard; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-45(b) |
The Committee recommends that the State party:45(b)Amend legislation to define sexual abuse in conformity with the Convention and to ensure that all children subject to any form of sexual exploitation are treated as victims and not subject to criminal sanctions; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-45(c) |
The Committee recommends that the State party:(c) Repeal article 14 of the 2009 Act with the view to ensuring that all forms of sexual abuse, including marital rape are criminalized and punished with penalties commensurate with the gravity of the offence, and finalise and enact the Evidence Bill; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC OP- 14 (d) |
The Committee recommends that the State party:
(d) Continue and strengthen gender-sensitive education and training on the provisions of the Optional Protocol for all professional groups, in particular for the judiciary through the Judicial Services Commission and for law enforcement officials working with child victims of the crimes covered by the Optional Protocol. |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC-71 |
The Committee urges the State party to bring its Penal Code in full compliance with articles 2 and 3 of the Optional Protocol, including by criminalizing the use of children for prostitution and pornography even if the perpetrator and victim are married under Sharia law, criminalizing child sex trafficking even in the absence of coercion, and by ensuring that child victims of offences under the Optional Protocol are not criminalized according to Sharia law (including charges of zina). |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC OP- 25 |
The Committee recommends that the State Party expedite the ongoing legal reform and bring its Penal Code in full compliance with articles 2 and 3 of the Optional Protocol |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC-43(e) |
the Committee recommends that the State party:43 (e) Create a unified, co-ordinated and comprehensive child protection system; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-46(a) |
In the light of its general comment No. 18 on harmful practices (2014), adopted jointly with the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Committee urges the State party to take active measures to put an end to harmful practices against children in the State party. In particular, the Committee urges the State party to 46(a) Ensure that the minimum age of marriage set at 18 in the article 4(a) of the Family Act Child is upheld; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-46(b) |
Enact legislation explicitly prohibiting female genital mutilation as a harmful practice and take measures to combat it, including through raising awareness of its harmful effects and holding accountable religious leaders who promote it; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-41 |
The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation (CRC/C/MDV/CO/3, para. 56) and with reference to the Committee’s General Comment No. 8 (2006) on corporal punishment it urges the State party:(a)To take all the necessary measures to ensure that persons who committed crimes while under the age of 18 are not subjected to any form of torture, including corporal punishment, and that corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure is prohibited by law in the home, alternative care settings, justice institutions, schools and workplace settings; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC OP- 28 |
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure that all legal and practical measures necessary be undertaken in order to be able to effectively establish jurisdiction over offences in accordance with article 4 of the Optional Protocol. |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC-21 |
In the light of General Comment No. 16 (2013) on State obligations regarding the impact of the business sector on children’s rights, the Committee recommends that the State party:(a) Examine and adapt its legislative framework (civil, criminal and administrative) to ensure the legal accountability of business enterprises and their subsidiaries operating in or managed from the State party´s territory, especially in the tourism industry; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC OP- 30(a) |
The Committee recommends that the State party;
(a) Take all necessary measures, including prompt legal reform, to ensure that child victims of any of the crimes under the Optional Protocol are not criminalized; |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC OP- 30(b) |
The Committee recommends that the State party; (b) Presume young victims of sexual exploitation to be children, and not adults, if in doubt; |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC-41(b) |
To amend the 2014 Regulation on Conducting Trials, Investigations and Sentencing Fairly for Offences Committed by Minors (articles 4 and 5) to prohibit flogging; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC OP- 30(c) |
The Committee recommends that the State party;
(c) Allocate adequate financial and human resources to the competent
authorities in order to improve the legal representation for child victims; |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC OP- 30(d) |
The Committee recommends that the State party;
(d) Guarantee that all child victims of the offences described in the
Optional Protocol have access to adequate procedures to seek, without
discrimination, compensation for damages from those legally responsible, in accordance with article 9, paragraph 4 of the Optional Protocol; |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC-41(c) |
To explicitly prohibit life imprisonment of persons under the age of 18. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC 69(a) |
With reference to General Comment No. 10 (2007) on children’s rights in juvenile justice, the Committee urges the State party to bring its juvenile justice system fully into line with the Convention and other relevant standards. In particular, the Committee urges the State party:69. (a) Not to apply penalties for hadd offenses to children below the age of 18; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-69(b) |
the Committee urges the State party: (b) Raise the age of criminal responsibility to an internationally acceptable standard |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-69(d) |
the Committee urges the State party: (d) Abolish flogging as a sentence for crime; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-31(a) |
The Committee urges the State party with the utmost priority to:(a) Repeal all legal provisions that provide for the death penalty for persons under the age of 18 in domestic legislation; |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-31(b) |
Ensure that the death penalty is not carried out on persons under the age of 18 years or on persons who were under the age of 18 at the time of the commission of the crime, included for hadood offences and qisas cases, to replace any such death sentences with an appropriate alternative sanction and to work with families of murder victims to encourage pardons for qisas cases. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC OP- 31(a) |
The Committee notes that child victims should be protected at all stages of the criminal justice process in accordance with article 8 of the Optional Protocol.
The Committee encourages the State party to be guided by the Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (Economic and Social Council resolution 2005/20) in this regard and should, specifically;
(a) Allow the views, needs and concerns of child victims to be presented and considered in proceedings where their personal interests are affected; |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography |
| CRC-76 |
The Committee recommends that the State party take all appropriate measures to ensure that the recommendations contained in the present Concluding Observations are fully implemented.The Committee also recommends that the combined fourth and fifth periodic report, the written replies to the list of issues of the State party and the present Concluding Observations be made widely available in the languages of the country. |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC 17 |
In the light of General Comment No. 2 (2002) on the role of independent human rights institutions, the Committee urges the State party to immediately cease all actions of reprisals against the Human Rights Commission of the Maldives for its co-operation with United Nations bodies and ensure the independence of this monitoring mechanism, including with regards to its funding, mandate and immunities, so as to ensure full compliance with the Paris Principles. In respect to the latter, the Committee recommends that the State party seek technical cooperation from, among others, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), UNICEF and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| CRC-78 |
The Committee also invites the State party to submit an updated core document, not exceeding 42,400 words, in accordance with the requirements for the common core document in the harmonized guidelines on reporting under the international human rights treaties, including guidelines on a common core document and treaty-specific documents (HRI/GEN/2/Rev.6, chap. I) and General Assembly resolution 68/268 (para. 16). |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
| ICCPR-6 |
The State party should take all measures to give full and unimpeded effect to the provisions of the Covenant in its domestic legal order and ensure that the provisions of article 16 (b) of the Constitution are not invoked to justify the failure by the State party to fulfill its obligations under the Covenant.
The State party should also undertake efforts aimed at, inter alia, training its judges, magistrates, prosecutor’s and lawyers on the provisions of the Covenant and by conducting awareness-raising campaigns for the population on the rights protected by the Covenant. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-12 |
The state party should guarantee equality between men and women in matters relating to family law, in particular by ensuring de jure and de facto the right to women to inherit property on an equal footing with men. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-13 |
The State party should consider abolishing the death penalty and ratifying the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It should remove mandatory death penalties from its statutes. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-16 |
The State should abolish flogging. It should explicitly prohibit corporal punishment in all setting. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| CEDAW - 13 |
The State party should:
(a) expedite the adoption of bills pending before the parliament aimed at strengthening the State party’s administration of justice, in particular the bills on legal aid, evidence, witness protection, juvenile justice and the judicature, remove evidentiary requirements that discriminate against women and ensure the equal consideration and weight of women’s testimonies as witnesses;
(b) strengthen the independence of the judiciary, establish legal remedies that are expeditious and accessible to women, and ensure, through adequate regulations and procedures, that women who report violations, especially in cases of violence, are treated in a gender-sensitive manner at all stages of judicial proceedings;
(c) take measures to increase the representation of women in the judiciary, in particular as judges and court officials;
(d) provide systematic training to judges, prosecutors, law enforcement officers, especially the police, and lawyers on women’s rights and ensure that the Convention, the Committee’s general recommendations and its jurisprudence under the Optional Protocol are sufficiently known and applied by the judiciary and that they are an integral part of all capacity-building programmes;
(e) enhance women’s awareness of their rights and disseminate information on the remedies available to those who claim violations of their rights. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 19 |
The State party should:
(a) Intensify its efforts to raise the awareness of political parties regarding the nature and scope of temporary special measures with a view to familiarizing them with the concept;
(b) Include a legislative basis for the adoption of temporary special measures in the gender equality bill and implement those measures in various forms, such as outreach and support programmes, quotas and other proactive and results-oriented measures aimed at achieving substantive equality between women and men in all areas, especially in economic, political and public life, in which women are underrepresented, and use those measures to address the disadvantages and inequalities faced by women outside Male and in remote islands, migrant women, women with disabilities and women heads of household. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 23 |
The State party should:
adopt specific legislation, within a clear time frame, to criminalize marital rape without any exemptions;
(a) To ensure the effective implementation of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, including by allocating adequate financial resources for the implementation of the Domestic Violence Prevention National Strategy, and establish mechanisms to ensure that law enforcement officers respond to and investigate complaints regarding violence against women and that perpetrators are prosecuted and punished;
(b) To put in place an effective system to monitor and evaluate the implementation, effectiveness and impact of the new legislative framework and collect disaggregated data on the number of prosecutions and convictions of perpetrators;
(c) To strengthen victim assistance and rehabilitation by establishing a comprehensive care system for women who are victims of violence, including medical and psychological support, counselling and rehabilitation services, throughout the territory of the State party and, to that end, increase the effectiveness of the family and protection services centres and safe houses by providing adequate funding and trained personnel;
(d) To disseminate clear information aimed at specific groups, including teenage girls and migrant women, on the criminalization of various forms of violence under the new legislative framework;
(e) To develop measures to encourage women to lodge criminal complaints, and to eliminate the stereotyping and stigmatization faced by women who are victims of violence and claim their rights. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 25 |
The State party should:
(a) Strengthen the implementation of the Prevention of Human Trafficking Act, including by enhancing capacity-building efforts for law enforcement and border patrol officers in order to increase their ability to identify potential victims of trafficking;
(b) Allocate adequate human, financial and technical resources to the Government Oversight Committee, as well as for the implementation of the National Action Plan against Human Trafficking;
(c) Establish appropriate protocols aimed at the early identification and referral of, and assistance to and support for, victims of trafficking, especially migrant and rural women, and develop mechanisms for the investigation, prosecution and punishment of trafficking offenders;
(d) Systematically collect information on trafficking in women and girls to, from and within the State party in order to take informed measures to tackle the phenomenon, and conduct research on the internal trafficking risk factors to which women and girls from rural and remote islands travelling to Male or other islands for educational or employment opportunities are exposed and take measures to reduce such risks;
(e) Consider ratifying the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 27 |
The State party should:
(a) Consider reviewing relevant provisions in force to decriminalize women engaged in prostitution;
(b) Collect statistical and disaggregated data on the extent and magnitude of prostitution and undertake a study to assess the root causes of the phenomenon, giving particular attention to risk factors linked to the tourism sector, migration and the drug trade;
(c) Develop measures aimed at preventing the exploitation of prostitution of women and girls, in particular migrant women and those involved in the drug trade, and establish rehabilitation programmes for women and girls in prostitution, including shelters, exit programmes for women who wish to leave prostitution and alternative income-generating opportunities. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 29 |
The State party should:
(a) Conduct awareness-raising activities for politicians and community leaders, in particular men, as well as the general public, on the importance of the full and equal participation of women in leadership and decision-making with a view to eliminating social and patriarchal attitudes;
(b) Increase the role and visibility of women in politics with a view to translating their engagement into leadership roles, targeting in particular current and potential women candidates, and provide incentives for political parties to nominate equal numbers of women and men as candidates;
(c) Adopt programmes to provide financial resources, technical advice on campaign management, targeted capacity-building and mentoring on leadership and negotiating skills for women who aim to gain access to public positions;
(d) Adopt and implement temporary special measures in the form of quotas, with benchmarks and specific timetables, to increase the representation of women in, among others, decision-making positions, the parliament, government positions, the judiciary and all local governance bodies at the atoll and island levels. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 31 |
The State party should revise its nationality laws in order to remove discrimination against foreign women who have children with Maldivian men out of wedlock with regard to the transmission of nationality. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 37 |
The State party should:
(a) Take steps to expedite the adoption of the maternal and child health bill;
(b) Increase access to obstetric health services for women, including prenatal and postnatal services, on all atolls and islands of the State party, in particular for rural women, by ensuring effective access to universal health insurance and by increasing the number of skilled health-care personnel;
(c) Ensure age-appropriate education on sexual and reproductive health and rights, including information about available contraceptive methods and family planning, in order to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies and early pregnancies and remove restrictions applied in practice by health-care personnel to unmarried girls;
(d) Collect data and conduct research on the prevalence of unsafe and illegal abortions, disaggregated by age and geographical location. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 45 |
The State party should:
(a) As a matter of urgency, decriminalize and abolish the imposition of flogging as a sentence for consensual sexual relations outside marriage, as recommended by the Committee in its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/MDV/CO/3, para. 34);
(b) Ensure that, in exceptional cases of marriage of persons under 18 years of age, the age limit is set at 16 years and court authorization is required in all such cases, in accordance with joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women/general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on harmful practices;
(c) Take steps to facilitate the procedure to register marriages in rural and remote areas and enforce the mandatory registration of all marriages, including through sanctions;
(d) Take measures to discourage polygamy with a view to prohibiting it, in accordance with joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women/general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on harmful practices;
(e) Expedite the adoption of the proposed amendments to the Family Act and include guarantees to equal distribution of marital property upon divorce, in line with article 16 (1) of the Convention and the Committee’s general recommendation No. 29 on the economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| CEDAW - 50 |
The State party should systematically and continuously implement the provisions of the Convention. It urges the State party to give priority attention to the implementation of the present concluding observations and recommendations between now and the submission of the next periodic report. The Committee therefore requests that the present concluding observations be disseminated in a timely manner, in the official language of the State party, to the relevant State institutions at all levels (national, regional and local), in particular to the Government, the ministries, the People’s Majlis and the judiciary, to enable their full implementation. It encourages the State party to collaborate with all stakeholders concerned, such as employers’ associations, trade unions, human rights and women’s organizations, universities, research institutions and the media. It recommends that the present concluding observations be disseminated in an appropriate form at the local community level to enable their implementation. In addition, the Committee requests the State party to continue to disseminate the Convention, the Optional Protocol thereto and relevant jurisprudence, in addition to the Committee’s general recommendations, to all stakeholders. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| ICCPR-17(b) |
(b) Speed up the adoption of the Bill prohibiting and punishing all forms of trafficking in persons and implement it; |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-17(e) |
(e) Adopt a National Plan of Action on Trafficking in persons. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-18 |
The State party should provide legal guarantees to suspects detained by the Police, or National Defence Forces, whereby that they are brought before a judge who should decide on the lawfulness of their detention and/or its extension, within 48 hours. In adopting its Legal Aid Act, the State party should also ensure that free legal assistance is provided in any cases where the interest of justice so requires. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-20 |
The State party should take effective measures to reform the composition and the functioning of the Judicial Service Commission (JSC). It should also guarantee its independence and facilitate the impartiality and integrity of the Judiciary, so as to effectively protect human rights through the judicial process. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-21 |
The State party should adopt legislation to ensure respect for the principle of non-refoulement especially when persons risk being subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment or other serious human rights violations in their country of return. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-23 |
The State party should fully guarantee the right to freedom of assembly in compliance with the Covenant and revise its legislation accordingly. It should adopt procedures and regulations in compliance with human rights standards for the police in controlling large crowds of protestors. It should investigate incidents which occurred in the State party, in particular during the 2012 demonstrations, and prosecute and bring Police and Defence Forces officers responsible to justice. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-24 |
The State party should revise its legislation to authorize non-Muslims to practice and manifest their religion, including in places of public worship. The State party should abolish the crime of apostasy in its legislation and allow Maldivians to fully enjoy their freedom of religion. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-25(b) |
(b) Take steps to ensure that the Commission of Inquiry set up to investigating the circumstances surrounding the transfer of power, in February 2012, can carry out its functions in conditions guaranteeing its complete independence and impartiality. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| ICCPR-26 |
The State party, as a matter of urgency, should take all necessary steps to protect individuals who have provided information to the Committee. The State party should inform the Committee on measures taken in this regard. |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
| UPR - 141.126 |
Update and enact the pending disaster management bill with a view to realising these basic rights to clean and safe drinking water and the right to a clean environment |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.74 |
Continue the work undertaken for the adoption of a new criminal code which guarantees the independence of the judicial system and the holding of fair and just trials |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.76 |
Continue the process of reforms in the area of criminal justice in line with the international obligations of Maldives |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.19 |
Promptly accede to the Trafficking in Persons Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.69 |
Continue efforts for the full implementation of the Anti-Human Trafficking Act, in order to identify child victims of trafficking and provide legal assistance to them |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.20 |
Ensure that all civil society actors, as well as the Human Rights Commission, can carry out their activities, including participating in international mechanisms, without being subjected to reprisal |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.89 |
Develop and implement specific laws, policies and mechanisms that recognize and protect the work of civil society, human rights defenders and journalists |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.60 |
Develop and implement laws, policies and mechanisms that ensure full protection of all journalists and human rights defenders against attacks and reprisals |
Universal Periodic Review |
| CAT-14 |
14.The State party should align its penal legislation concerning minors in conflict with the law with the provisions and rules contained in international standards, and in particular with the Convention and should repeal all provisions that contravene the Convention |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| CAT-40(a) |
40.(a) Ensure, in law and practice, that any statement resulting from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment is not invoked as evidence in court, except against the persons who carried out those acts; |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| CAT-40(b) |
40(b) Ensure that courts dismiss in practice all cases in which evidence was obtained as a result of coerced confessions; investigate and prosecute all such allegations of torture and ill-treatment; and provide redress to victims; |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| CAT-40(c) |
40(c) Inform the Committee about all cases that were dismissed in court because evidence was obtained as a result of coerced confessions in its next report. |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| CAT-42(a) |
42.(a) Explicitly prohibit in law the corporal punishment of children in all settings, including in the home, alternative care settings, day care settings, school and penal institutions, through acts or omissions by State agents and others who engage the State’s responsibility under the Convention, as a sentence for crime or for disciplinary purposes; and ensure that it is not applied under sharia law; |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| CAT-20 |
20.The State party should revise the Anti-Torture Act to ensure that it provides for punishments commensurate with the gravity of the offense of torture and does not condition punishments on the duration of the victim’s hospitalization, noting that some forms of torture may not inflict physical suffering at all. |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| CAT-28(d) |
28(d) Promote alternatives to pre-trial detention, in accordance with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules). |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| CAT-38(c) |
38(c) Grant access to independent organizations, including national and international civil society organizations to all facilities where persons are deprived of their liberty in the country. |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
| UPR - 143.61 |
Take appropriate measures to fully guarantee the safety of journalists and human rights defenders so that they can carry out their activities without fear of persecution or restriction. |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.63 |
Create and maintain, in law and in practice, a safe and enabling environment, in which human rights defenders and civil society can operate free from hindrance and insecurity, in accordance with Human Rights Council resolutions 22/6 and 27/31 |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.64 |
Protect human rights defenders and ensure their right to exercise their work without restrictions |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.65 |
Take measures aimed at diminishing threats and intimidation against journalists and civil society, as well as opponents against the Government |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.82 |
Ensure respect for freedom of opinion and expression |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.83 |
Uphold freedoms essential for a stable democracy, including freedoms of speech and assembly |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.84 |
Take concrete measures to guarantee freedom of expression and the media and to address limitations in the existing law governing the operation of civil society organizations. |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.85 |
Increase measures to promote and protect freedom of expression in the country |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.87 |
Strengthen efforts to protect freedom of expression, including the safety of journalists |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.88 |
Guarantee freedom of expression in all its forms and ensure investigations into attacks against journalists and the media and bring those responsible to justice |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.16 |
Consider developing a system to follow up on international recommendations, including universal periodic review recommendations |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.17 |
Pursue cooperation with human rights mechanisms |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.18 |
Continue cooperation with international human rights mechanisms |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.19 |
Continue active cooperation with human rights mechanisms |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.8 |
Work towards disseminating a culture of human rights and national capacity-building through the development of strategies and plans and seek to implement them in cooperation with the relevant United Nations mechanisms |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.9 |
Continue efforts in the field of human rights education and training |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.10 |
Accede to the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.11 |
Accede to the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.14 |
Ratify the Kampala amendments to the Rome Statute, if possible with a view to contributing to the activation of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over the crime of aggression at the beginning of 2017 |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.15 |
Consider ratifying the ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.18 |
Ratify the Convention against Discrimination in Education |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.20 |
Ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance and take the necessary measures to give full effect to the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in the domestic legal order |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.24 |
Consider withdrawing the reservation made on article 16 to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.30 |
Present its initial report, which is overdue since 2005, to the Committee against Torture |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.31 |
Accept a follow-up visit by the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers and accept the outstanding request of a visit by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.77 |
Promote efforts to consolidate the rule of law |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.58 |
Reaffirm its commitment to democracy, human rights and the rule of law immediately and ensure that security forces exercise restraint in the face of peaceful and democratic protests and cease intimidation of the media |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.43 |
Bring an end to arbitrary detentions, particularly on the grounds of political opinion; investigate allegations of torture and ill-treatment in prisons and bring those responsible to justice |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.5 |
Ensure the independence of the Human Rights Commission, the Election Commission and the Office of the Auditor General |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.6 |
Continue strengthening national human rights institutions and mechanisms |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.29 |
Fulfil its first cycle commitment to strengthen the independence and impartiality of its national Human Rights Commission |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.23 |
Finalize the process for the ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, as it committed to do, and create the necessary conditions to ensure the correct functioning and independence of the national Human Rights Commission |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.57 |
Take concrete measures to reinforce domestic democratic institutions through the strengthening of judicial independence and of the freedom of opinion and expression, the investigation of recent detentions with alleged political motivation, as well as through the guarantee to opposition parties of the right to peaceful protest |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.75 |
Take the necessary steps to strengthen the independence and impartiality of the judiciary |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.78 |
Improve access to criminal justice services and legal assistance |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.81 |
Provide meaningful access to specialized training on international human rights law and mechanisms to its judges, magistrates, prosecutors and lawyers |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.32 |
Fully implement the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers and ensure that the concept of separation of powers is fully respected |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.46 |
Take measures to ensure the independence and impartiality of the role of the judiciary |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.47 |
Take further steps to ensure the impartiality and independence of the judiciary in accordance with international standards |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.48 |
Take measures to reform the Judicial Service Commission, so as to ensure an independent and impartial judiciary which respects fundamental rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.49 |
Strengthen the impartiality of the Judicial Service Commission and ensure the independence of the judiciary |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.50 |
Strengthen the independence of the judiciary by reforming the Judicial Services Commission’s process for selecting and appointing judges |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.51 |
Restore confidence in its legal system by ensuring the clear and unambiguous division of powers, including the indisputable independence of its judicial processes and judges |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.52 |
Meet relevant obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and fulfil its universal periodic review first cycle commitments to ensure the legitimacy and independence of the judiciary and establish an independent bar association |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.53 |
Adopt the necessary measures to guarantee the independence and impartiality of the judiciary, ensuring to all persons the respect of due process guarantees, in accordance with article 14 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.54 |
Provide adequate training for judges, including human rights training, to ensure all judicial proceedings conform to international fair trial standards, and take concrete measures to strengthen the impartiality and independence of the Judicial Services Commission, including through ensuring that the composition and functioning of the Commission is in line with international principles of independence and accountability of the judiciary |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.55 |
Favourably consider embarking on fundamental reforms to the judiciary to ensure its independence, impartiality and transparency with a view to strengthening democracy and the rule of law in the country |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.73 |
Take effective steps to fully strengthen the rule of law; effectively ensure the impartiality and independence of the judiciary |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.74 |
Strengthen the independence of its judiciary |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.77 |
Ensure the right of anyone convicted of a crime to have his or her conviction and sentence reviewed by a higher tribunal, as prescribed by article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.78 |
Take all necessary measures to ensure the rule of law and the right to due process as enshrined in article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.1 |
Continue strengthening the legislative framework for the promotion and protection of human rights for all people in the country in accordance with international human rights obligations |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.3 |
Continue working on the harmonization of its domestic normative framework with its international obligations to which it is a State party, taking into account the recommendations made by treaty bodies and special procedures mandate holders |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.4 |
Continue its efforts to build the necessary capacities for the incorporation of human rights in the democratic reform processes and the application of the Constitution |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.2 |
Continue strengthening the legislative framework on human rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.69 |
Develop legislation guaranteeing workers’ rights, including for migrant workers, and enhance efforts to combat fraudulent recruitment |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.26 |
Bring domestic legislation into conformity with its international obligations in the human rights sphere |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.56 |
Establish and enforce explicit legal protection against female genital mutilation |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.61 |
Continue deploying efforts aimed at preventing and punishing all forms of violence against women and girls and further consolidate female representation in executive and decision-making positions |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.37 |
Take all necessary measures to ensure the elimination of violence and discrimination against women and take steps to ensure the full incorporation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women into its legal system |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.38 |
Make additional efforts to ensure that domestic law is in compliance with the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, particularly with regard to equality in marriage and divorce |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.34 |
Establish gender equality legislation to better protect the rights of women and girls |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.35 |
Continue working for the enactment into law of the gender equality bill |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.36 |
Continue to prioritize the enactment of a gender equality bill with a view to combating comprehensively all forms of discrimination against women |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.38 |
Adopt the gender equality bill within the time frame |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.39 |
Accelerate the passage of the Gender Equality Bill |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.40 |
Continue work on enacting a gender equality bill, as an important step to improve the country’s legislation on non-discrimination and gender equality |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.47 |
Continue improving national legislation in order to ensure equality between women and men on the basis of the principle of non-discrimination |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.37 |
Expedite the process to pass the draft gender equality law and to establish clear policies on gender equality and the implementation framework |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.41 |
Expedite its efforts towards the enactment of the gender equality legislation and set up appropriate mechanisms for its implementation |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.48 |
Take further measures for the promotion of gender equality and women’s rights, ensuring women’s participation and gender responsiveness within the policies of the Government and other agencies |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.42 |
Ensure the application of existing laws, in particular those on the protection of the rights of women |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.43 |
Enhance awareness of women’s rights and disseminate information on the remedies available to those who claim violations of their rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.44 |
Continue implementing the priorities set for the promotion and protection of women’s rights in the country |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.51 |
Improve the family law in order to develop the rights of women |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.54 |
Promote leadership of women by enacting the pending gender equality bill and ensuring its early implementation |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.50 |
Eliminate all forms of discrimination against women, in particular discrimination against divorced women and widows, so that they can participate in the economic and political life of their country |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.53 |
Continue to take steps for economic and political empowerment of women |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.55 |
Take measures to eradicate traditional stereotypes of women, especially through educational programmes and the enactment of legislation on domestic violence and all forms of sexual violence |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.57 |
Take measures to eradicate traditional stereotypes of women, especially through educational programmes, and enact legislation on domestic violence |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.64 |
Strengthen its Domestic Violence Prevention Act with a view to ending domestic and sexual violence against women and children |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.130 |
Strengthen efforts to ensure the security and safety of family and the protection of family from experiencing negative consequences |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.56 |
Establish and enforce explicit legal protection against female genital mutilation |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.40 |
Accelerate the process to adopt a law on gender equality and carry out awareness-raising activities on the issues of gender and domestic violence in the judicial sector, in the security forces as well as in schools |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.46 |
Take measures to foster the participation of women in all sectors of the society on the basis of a gender equality policy, including through the application of affirmative actions and quotas |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.91 |
Redouble its efforts in combating stereotypes on the role of women through facilitating the participation of women in political and public affairs and sensitising its population on women’s rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.92 |
Intensify its efforts to facilitate the participation of women in political and public affairs and fight stereotypes in relation to the role of women, particularly by raising the awareness of the population about the necessity of ensuring that women enjoy their rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.93 |
Continue to promote women and make sure they are effectively present at the level of decision-making |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.94 |
Increase women’s participation in decision-making positions |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.95 |
Continue strengthening its efforts to facilitate the participation of women in political and public affairs |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.96 |
Redouble its efforts to facilitate the participation of women in political and public affairs and combat stereotypes on the role of women |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.21 |
Further promote and protect the rights of vulnerable groups of the population, including children, persons with disabilities, women and older persons |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.79 |
Hasten the submission of the juvenile justice bill, aimed at establishing a juvenile justice and welfare system in the country |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.220 |
Ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.23 |
Continue promoting and protecting the rights of children |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.24 |
Consolidate measures taken to protect and promote the rights of children |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.25 |
Further strengthen the child rights protection system by bringing the national legislation in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.26 |
Complete the adoption of the new children’s act in line with the obligations of Maldives under the Convention on the Rights of the Child |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.27 |
Complete the enactment of the draft child protection act and incorporate in the act provisions to counter child, early and forced marriage |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.28 |
Enact the draft child protection act and ensure its compatibility with the respective obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and strengthen cooperation with relevant national stakeholders in the area of eliminating child abuse and victims’ rehabilitation |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.29 |
Complete the enactment of the draft child protection act |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.30 |
Complete the process of adoption of the child protection act |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.31 |
Complete the enactment of the draft child protection act in line with the Convention on the Rights of the Child by including provisions to counter child, early and forced marriage |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.32 |
Strengthen efforts to eliminate out-of-court as well as child marriages |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.35 |
Include specific provisions for the protection of girls in the draft law on the protection of children with a view to preventing child, early and forced marriages and criminalise attempts to marry persons below the age of 18 years, as well as sexual offences against children |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.120 |
Continue advancing the rights of persons with disabilities by increasing its financial assistance and developing regulation on minimum standards for the enjoyment of their human rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.1 |
Finalise the commitment to accede to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.2 |
Consider ratifying those international human rights instruments to which it is not yet a party, among them the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.3 |
Consider the possibility of ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.4 |
Consider ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.5 |
Consider ratifying the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.6 |
Consider acceding to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.7 |
Sign and ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.8 |
Ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.9 |
Ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.21 |
Consider ratification of or accession to the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.22 |
Step up its efforts to ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Trafficking in Persons Protocol |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.70 |
Improve rights and conditions of migrant workers and consider signing the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.123 |
Prevent discrimination or trafficking of migrant workers, establish warning mechanism and complaints mechanisms in case of violations and carry out awareness campaigns on their rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.125 |
Take all necessary steps in the areas of legislation and political measures to protect migrant workers from abusers, traffickers and unscrupulous employers and to guarantee the non-discrimination of non-citizens with regard to conditions and requirements to access the labour market |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 143.71 |
Adopt legislation for the protection of the environment and establish a joint private-public partnership to reduce the environmental impact of tourism on livelihoods and the rights to housing, safe drinking water, health and an adequate standard of life for its inhabitants |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.15 |
Seek all forms of technical and logistical assistance in order to strengthen the situation of human rights in the country |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.13 |
Promote a culture of respect for human rights at all levels of society |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.10 |
Increase efforts to develop the education system in the field of human rights and further promote a human rights culture in society |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.11 |
Continue its efforts to enhance capacity-building for law enforcement officials in the area of human rights |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.12 |
Strengthen its training and capacity-building programme in the area of human rights for law enforcement officials |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.109 |
Enact the education bill as soon as possible. |
Universal Periodic Review |
| UPR - 141.110 |
Enact the education bill, further enhance and develop the education system and intensify efforts to improve access to education for students from low-income families |
Universal Periodic Review |
| 133.45 |
Adopt specific legislation to criminalize marital rape without any exemptions and undertake legislative reforms to prevent domestic violence against women |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.51 |
Strengthen further the legal frameworks related to the protection of women, children, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.56 |
Sustain efforts for the effective implementation of the national human rights framework |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.63 |
Strengthen the national human rights protection system |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.65 |
Redouble efforts in the working process to bring about the changes envisaged in the new Constitution within the existing and long-entrenched structural and normative constraints |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.68 |
Pursue the policy of eliminating inequalities between men and women by taking effective measures aimed at increasing the participation of women in political and public life |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.72 |
Uphold its international human rights obligations, especially as regards equal rights for all citizens |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.136 |
Provide adequate gender-sensitive training to all judges to ensure effective implementation of gender equality legislation and the Domestic Violence Prevention Act, and ensure that all judicial proceedings conform to international fair trial standards |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.150 |
Strengthen efforts to apply, in law and practice, full respect for freedom of opinion and expression |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.153 |
Continue to make the necessary regulatory adjustments to strengthen its legislative framework for greater protection of fundamental rights |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.59 |
133.59 Continue to strengthen the legal framework pertaining to the protection of children (Romania); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.237 |
133.237 Strengthen preventive measures and programmes against the ill-treatment of children, and strengthen the penalties for this crime (Spain); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.241 |
133.241 Continue to take steps to strengthen the legal framework for the protection of children and the rights of the child (India); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.244 |
133.244 Continue efforts and steps to reinforce the legal framework to protect children (Mauritania); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.249 |
133.249 Take further steps to ensure that all children within its jurisdiction are treated equally (Timor-Leste); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.204 |
Develop targeted, evidence-based policies, including the promotion of public awareness, towards ending female genital mutilation in Maldives |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.40 |
133.40 Strengthen existing national legislation to ensure that all modern slavery crimes are fully criminalized in line with international conventions, including human trafficking, slavery as a stand-alone offence, child prostitution, forced marriage, and the involvement of children in armed conflict (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.47 |
133.47 Strengthen already existing legislation aimed at reducing human trafficking and sexual tourism, providing particular protection for children and migrants (Holy See); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.48 |
133.48 Implement concrete measures to combat trafficking in persons through the adoption of relevant national legislation (Islamic Republic of Iran); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.209 |
Strengthen efforts in law and in practice to explicitly prohibit all forms of female genital mutilation |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.43 |
133.43 Accelerate efforts towards the establishment of a national mechanism for implementation, reporting and follow-up as a standing government structure mandated to coordinate reporting to, as well as follow-up to and implementation of recommendations made by, international human rights bodies and mechanisms (Bahamas); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.60 |
133.60 Continue its efforts to create a national mechanism for implementation, reporting and follow-up regarding the fulfilment of its international human rights obligations (Saudi Arabia); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.212 |
Further pursue its efforts to promote the empowerment of women and girls by incorporating all provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women into the national legal system in order to make them directly applicable and enforceable by the courts |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.215 |
Fully eradicate harmful practices against women and girls, including female genital mutilation and the various forms of child exploitation |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.216 |
Enact legislation explicitly prohibiting female genital mutilation and strengthen awareness-raising campaigns on the harmful effects of early marriage in order to further protect and promote the human rights of women and children |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.217 |
Criminalize marital rape |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.218 |
Take all necessary measures to combat violence against women and girls and domestic violence both in law and in practice |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.221 |
Take further steps in order to provide protection for women |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.224 |
Take further steps to increase the representation of women in parliament |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.227 |
Persist with efforts to prevent and sanction all forms of violence against women and girls, and to consolidate greater participation of women in public and political life |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.228 |
Consider enacting laws to explicitly prohibit female genital mutilation and take measures to combat it |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.232 |
Continue to ensure in law and in practice that the rights of vulnerable groups of the population, especially women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons, are protected |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 2021-7 |
The Committee welcomes the international support for the Sustainable Development Goals and calls for the realization of de jure (legal) and de facto (substantive) gender equality, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, throughout the process of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Committee recalls the importance of Goal 5 and of the mainstreaming of the principles of equality and non-discrimination throughout all 17 Goals. It urges the State party to recognize women as the driving force of the sustainable development of the State party and to adopt relevant policies and strategies to that effect. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-14(a) |
Fully incorporate the Convention into the national legal system in order to make its provisions directly applicable and enforceable by the courts |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-14(b) |
Ensure that the Gender Equality Act includes a definition of discrimination, in conformity with articles 1 and 2 of the Convention, encompassing not only direct and indirect discrimination in the public and private spheres, but also intersecting forms of discrimination |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-41 |
40. The Committee recommends that the State party:
(a) Amend the Employment Act to apply the public sector policy on maternity and paternity leave to the private sector |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-40.(d) |
40.(d) Extend the coverage of labour legislation and social protection, such as minimum wages, paid leave and maternity leave, to women in the informal economy and self-employed women |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-16.(b) |
Strengthen the independence of the judiciary; establish legal remedies, including procedural accommodations, that are expeditious and accessible to women; and ensure through adequate regulations and procedures that women who report violations, especially in cases of gender-based violence, are treated in a gender-sensitive manner at all stages of judicial proceedings |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-16.(e) |
Expedite the adoption of the pending bills aimed at strengthening the State party’s administration of justice, in particular the bills on witness protection, evidence and legal aid and those amending the judicature, remove evidentiary requirements that discriminate against women, and ensure that equal consideration and weight are given to women’s testimonies as witnesses |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-22.(c) |
Expedite the adoption of the bill on associations as well as the bill criminalizing hate speech |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-14 (c) |
14 (c) Expedite the reform of its family law, with a view to bringing it into full conformity with the Convention and ensuring that all discriminatory provisions are repealed or amended, ensuring that women are involved in the consultation and review process |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-52.(b) |
52.(b) Modify its legislation and policies in order to eliminate the forced sterilization of persons in the State Party and ensure the full and informed consent of all persons to all medical procedures |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-54. |
54. Recalling its previous concluding observations (CEDAW/C/MDV/CO/4-5, para. 45), the Committee recommends that the State party:
(a) As a matter of urgency, decriminalize, and abolish the imposition of flogging or the death penalty for, consensual sexual relations outside marriage |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-54.(b) |
54. (b) Amend legislation to ensure that survivors of sexual violence are not prosecuted for sexual relations outside marriage if they press charges that later cannot be proved |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-54.(e) |
54. (e) Adopt legislation to ensure that men and women have equal rights in divorce, including equal grounds and procedures for obtaining a divorce, as well as equal distribution of marital property upon divorce, including land, in line with the Committee’s general recommendation No. 29 (2013) on the economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-12. |
12. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation (CEDAW/C/MDV/CO/4-5, para. 9) and urges the State party to expedite its efforts towards withdrawing its reservations to article 16 (1) (a), (c), (d) and (f) of the Convention, which are incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention and constitute an obstacle to the implementation of the Convention as a whole, as the Committee stated in its general recommendations No. 21 (1994) on equality in marriage and family relations and No. 29 (2013) on the economic consequences of marriage, family relations and their dissolution. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-24 |
24. The Committee recommends that the State party adopt temporary special measures, in line with article 4 (1) of the Convention and general recommendation No. 25 (2004) on temporary special measures, including statutory quotas, and establish time-bound targets to accelerate the realization of substantive equality between women and men in all areas in which women are underrepresented or disadvantaged. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-34.(c) |
34.(c) Amend the Parliamentary Elections Act (Act No. 2/2009) to introduce statutory quotas for women candidates |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-34.(d) |
34.(d) Adopt temporary special measures to increase women’s representation in political posts and on boards of State-owned companies |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-28.(a) |
Amend section 52 of the Sexual Offences Act and section 47 of the Special Provisions Act to Deal with Child Sex Abuse Offenders to remove excessive evidence requirements for victims to prove sexual violence; |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021 - 28.(b) |
Amend section 53 of the Sexual Offences Act to ensure that discriminatory gender stereotypes relating to delayed reporting, false accusations and women’s “dignity and discipline” are removed from the adjudication of sexual violence cases and discontinue practices that contribute to secondary victimization of women, such as examining a victim’s prior sexual behaviour |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021 - 28.(c) |
Criminalize female genital mutilation/cutting and provide education and information on the criminal nature and harmful effects of the practice, take proactive measures to protect women and girls from female genital mutilation/cutting, and prosecute clerics promoting the practice |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-36. |
36. The Committee recommends that the State party revise its nationality law in order to remove discrimination against women with regard to the transmission of nationality, and that it improve mechanisms for the identification and protection of stateless women and girls, including through access to transparent and effective asylum procedures |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021 - 28.(d) |
Criminalize marital rape in all circumstances, without exception, and amend the Sexual Offences Act and the Penal Code accordingly |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-60 |
60. The Committee notes that the adherence of the State party to the nine major international human rights instruments would enhance the enjoyment by women of their human rights and fundamental freedoms in all aspects of life. The Committee therefore encourages the State party to ratify the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, to which it is not yet a party |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-61 |
61. The Committee requests the State party to provide, within two years, written information on the steps taken to implement the recommendations contained in paragraphs 28 (a), (b) and (i) and 54 (e) above. |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021 - 28.(i) |
Review its current legislation, including the Penal Code and the law on domestic violence, to ensure that domestic violence is specifically criminalized, can be prosecuted ex officio and is sanctioned with appropriate penalties commensurate with the gravity of the abuse |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021- 34.(a) |
Fulfil the commitment it made at the dialogue to make the necessary legislative amendments to establish quotas for women within political parties’ internal elections, to introduce targeted campaign financing and training on leadership skills for women candidates, and to ensure equal access to the media to promote women’s equal participation in political life, as reflected in the Gender Equality Action Plan |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021 - 34.(b) |
Amend the Political Parties Act (Act No. 4/2013) to include provisions to improve the internal governance of political parties and ensure equal representation of women in decision-making and leadership positions |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021 - 48 |
In line with its general recommendation No. 37 (2018) on the gender-related dimensions of disaster risk reduction in the context of climate change, the Committee recommends that the State party ensure that women are represented and participate in the development of legislation, policies and programmes on climate change, disaster response and disaster risk reduction. It also recommends that the State party integrate a gender perspective into such plans and policies and ensure that women, in particular rural women, are consulted as part of their development. It further recommends that the State party take measures to address the impact of climate change specifically on women’s access to resources and livelihoods, so as to ensure that they are not disproportionately affected |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-52 |
52. The Committee recommends that the State Party:
(a) Adopt all necessary measures, including temporary special measures, to combat the intersectional discrimination that disadvantaged groups of women encounter, such as migrant women, women with disabilities, lesbian, bisexual and transgender women and intersex persons, and women professing religions other than Islam, in relation to all aspects covered by the Convention |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 2021-54.(d) |
54. (d) Prohibit polygamy and raise awareness about its harmful effects on women, in line with the Committee’s general recommendation No. 21 (1994) and joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women / joint general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (2014) on harmful practices. Ensure the protection of the economic rights of women in existing polygamous marriages |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
| 133.251 |
133.251 Incorporate the rights of persons with disabilities and the rights of migrant workers into government policies and action plans (Chile); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |
| 133.161 |
133.161 Repeal or amend all legislation and any decree restricting and criminalizing the work of human rights defenders in order to guarantee, inter alia, the rights to freedom of expression, of peaceful assembly and of association (Switzerland); |
Universal Periodic Review - 3rd cycle |